The Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) said in a statement on Wednesday it has ordered the airline to pay 500,000 pounds (US$644,000) for "failing to protect the security of its customers' personal data".
Between October 2014 and May 2018, a lack of security measures on the carrier's computer systems led to a data breach involving more than 9.4 million customers around the world, according to the ICO.
"People rightly expect when they provide their personal details to a company, that those details will be kept secure to ensure they are protected from any potential harm or fraud," Steve Eckersley, ICO Director of Investigations said. "That simply was not the case here."
He added that multiple serious deficiencies they found "fell well below" standard and the airline failed to satisfy four out of five of the National Cyber Security Centre's basic guidance points.
The Hong Kong-based airline in October 2018 admitted that about 860,000 passport numbers, 245,000 Hong Kong identity card numbers, 403 expired credit card numbers and 27 credit card numbers with no card verification value (CVV) were accessed.
Other compromised passenger data included nationalities, dates of birth, phone numbers, emails, and physical addresses.
Cathay said in a statement it wanted to "express its regret, and to sincerely apologise" for the breach, adding it had taken measures to enhance its IT security and spent "substantial amounts" on computing infrastructure.
The airline's share price was up more than two percent on Thursday afternoon.
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